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A symbol of Western civilization at its most magnificent, Athens’ illustrious history stretches back more than 3,000 years. The city flourished during classical antiquity and was the birthplace of renowned figures such as Socrates, Pericles, and Sophocles. More than just a relic of its glorious past, Athens is now a vibrant and modern capital city, home to some of the country’s most significant tourist attractions.
雅典燦爛的歷史是西方文明最輝煌的象徵，距今已有三千多年的歷史。 這座城市在古典時期蓬勃發展，是蘇格拉底，伯里克利和Sophocles的發源地。 如今，雅典不僅僅是一個輝煌的過去的遺物，還是一個現代化首都，擁有一些最重要的旅遊景點。
Syntagma Square
Constitution Square and the Capitol Building are separated by a street, which serves as a gathering place for locals. However, there are still many people present at midnight, around 10 and 11 PM.
憲法廣場和國會大廈被一條街隔開，這是當地人聚集的地方。 而且，晚上10點和11點還有很多人。
Hadrian’s Library
These are the remains of the largest structure erected by Hadrian in the 2nd century AD. More than just a library, it also included music and lecture rooms. The layout resembles a typical Roman forum, featuring a pool at the center of a courtyard surrounded by 100 columns. The library’s west wall, located near the site entrance, has been restored. Beyond this point, only remnants of the library remain, along with two churches constructed in the 7th and 12th centuries.
However, in 267 AD, the city was devastated by war, leaving it in ruins. The only relatively intact feature remaining is the Corinthian doorpost at the entrance.
You can gain a clear sense of the library’s impressive scale from outside the fence, located uphill on Dexippou. In Roman times, it served as Athens’ civic center, while the nearby Roman Agora functioned as the marketplace.
這些是哈德良（Hadrian）（公元2世紀）建立的最大建築物的遺跡。 它不僅設有圖書館，還設有音樂和演講室。 它被佈置為一個典型的羅馬論壇，在一個庭院中央有一個游泳池，周圍有100根圓柱。 圖書館西牆在現場入口處已修復。 除此之外，只有圖書館和建於7世紀和12世紀的兩座教堂的痕跡。
但是，在公元267年，戰爭被戰爭摧毀，內部非常破碎，只有入口處的科林斯式門柱相對完整。
你可以從籬笆外看到圖書館的宏偉規模。 它在羅馬時期基本上是雅典的市民中心，而附近的羅馬集市則是集市。
Ancient Agora
The Agora was the heart of ancient Athens, serving as the focal point for political, commercial, administrative, and social activities. It was also the religious and cultural center, as well as the seat of justice. Additionally, a road ran through the Agora that led to the Acropolis and was utilized during the celebrations of the Panathenaic Games.
In 3500 B.C., the site served as both a housing and burial area. By the 6th century B.C., it had been transformed into a public space, which underwent its final transformation in the 2nd century A.D. The Ancient Agora of Athens was destroyed on several occasions by the Persians, Romans, and Slavs. In the 10th century A.D., the Church of the Holy Apostles was constructed there; however, the Agora was abandoned in 1204 following an attack. During the Greek Revolution of 1821, the area and its surroundings were completely devastated, and the Ancient Agora was effectively buried beneath Athens. Since 1931, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens has been excavating the ancient Athenian Agora. To fully uncover the site, nearby neighborhoods were demolished. In the 1950s, the Hellenistic Stoa of Attalos was reconstructed. Today, this archaeological site is protected by the Ministry of Culture while ongoing excavations continue.
In the past, Socrates and Plato also delivered speeches here. Is it not very exciting?
集市是古代雅典的心臟，是政治，商業，行政和社會活動，宗教和文化中心以及司法所在地的焦點。此外，一條穿過集市的道路通向雅典衛城，並在慶祝汎亞運會時使用。
在公元前3500年，這個空間是一個房屋和墓地；公元前6世紀，它被改造成公共空間，直到公元2世紀才進行最後的改造。雅典的古集市在許多情況下被波斯人，羅馬人和斯拉夫人摧毀。公元10世紀，在那裡建立了聖使徒教堂，但集會在一次襲擊後於1204年被廢棄。在1821年的希臘革命時期，空間及其周圍的環境被徹底摧毀，古集市被埋葬在雅典下。但是，自1931年以來，古老的雅典集市已被雅典的美國古典學派發掘。為了完全發現該地點，附近的居民區被拆除。在1950年代，阿塔洛斯的希臘化Stoa被重建。今天，這個考古遺址在發掘時受到文化部的保護。
過去蘇格拉底、柏拉圖都還曾在這裡發表演說呢，是不是很讓人興奮的地方。
Temple of Hephaestus
We have extensive knowledge about the first formal order of traditional Greek architecture, primarily because the Romans documented it. Additionally, we have some ruins available for exploration, although they are not always in optimal condition. It can be challenging to locate well-preserved examples of Greek temples constructed in the Doric order, making the discovery of such a site particularly thrilling.
The Temple of Hephaestus (he-FEH-stus) is one such remarkable structure. Situated near the Agora in Athens, this ancient edifice has been exceptionally well preserved. It offers us an opportunity to appreciate some of the earliest forms of architecture in the Western tradition, which is quite fascinating.
我們對傳統希臘建築的第一個正式順序了解很多，因為羅馬人對此進行了記載。 我們也有一些遺跡可供探索，但並非總是處於最佳狀態。 很難找到真正按照多立克體式建造的希臘神廟的典範，因此當我們發現其中的一座時，真的很令人興奮。
赫菲斯托斯神廟（he-FEH-stus）就是這樣的一座。 位於雅典集市附近，這座古老的建築保存得非常好。 它使我們有機會欣賞西方傳統建築中的一些首創形式，這很酷。
The Roman Agora
The ancient Agora of Athens is a significant archaeological site that has cast a long shadow of influence across the globe. It served as the crucible for some of the most important concepts of ancient Greek civilization.
Inside, the most striking feature is the octagonal building known as the Tower of Wind. Standing 12 meters high, its internal diameter is approximately 8 meters. The structure is remarkably well-preserved, and the sculpture at the top is clearly visible. It is rumored that this design was created by the astronomer Andronikos of Kyrrhos.
雅典古老的集市是主要的考古遺址，並且在全球範圍內影響已久。 正是大鍋釀造了一些最重要的古希臘概念。
裡面，最引人注目的是八角形的建築-風塔，高12米，內部結構直徑約8米，保存完好，頂部的雕塑清晰可見。 有傳言說，天文學家安德羅是由基拉羅斯的安德羅尼科斯設計的。
Overall
In Athens, you can explore the vibrant life of the ancient Athenians or escape the bustling city center to relax on one of the many benches available. A morning stroll among the olive trees and daphnes is a must. This archaeological site consistently invites visitors to enjoy its beauty under the warm Greek sun.
在雅典，你可以四處走走，探索古代雅典人的生活，或者遠離繁忙的雅典中心，在眾多長凳中放鬆身心。 早晨在橄欖樹周圍漫步，達芙妮必不可少。 這個考古遺址一直邀請我們在溫暖的希臘陽光下享受它。